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1. A kernel panic happens when something goes wrong in the kernel. As you can guess, the resulting behavior of your computer is the most unfriendly possible. The best you can hope for is that your computer stops in its tracks and prints out a string of obscure looking information, as it did in your case.
2. Note, during that period a Mac computer connected to the iPad via USB cable will NOT get ANY response because the ipad is completely off power. If you get a blank screen but you can see a glow when you touch the home button this confirms you have a charged battery and the iPad is booted up.
3. Definition of - senses, usage, synonyms, thesaurus. Online Dictionaries: Definition of Options Tips.
4. When a kernel panic occurs in Mac OS X 10.2 through 10.7, the computer displays a multilingual message informing the user that they need to reboot the system. Prior to 10.2, a more traditional Unix-style panic message was displayed; in 10.8 and later, the computer automatically reboots and displays a.

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A kernel panic (sometimes abbreviated as KP^[1]) is a safety measure taken by an operating system's kernel upon detecting an internal fatal error in which either it is unable to safely recover or continuing to run the system would have a higher risk of major data loss. The term is largely specific to Unix and Unix-like systems. For Microsoft Windows operating systems the equivalent term is 'Stop error', resulting in a bug check^[2] screen that presents the bug check code on a blue background in early versions of Windows (colloquially known as a 'Blue Screen of Death' or BSoD), or on a green background on the Xbox One platform as well as in Windows 10 preview builds.^[3]

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The kernel routines that handle panics, known as panic() in AT&T-derived and BSD Unix source code, are generally designed to output an error message to the console, dump an image of kernel memory to disk for post-mortem debugging, and then either wait for the system to be manually rebooted, or initiate an automatic reboot.^[4] The information provided is of a highly technical nature and aims to assist a system administrator or software developer in diagnosing the problem. Kernel panics can also be caused by errors originating outside kernel space. For example, many Unix operating systems panic if the init process, which runs in user space, terminates.^[5][6]

History[edit]

The Unix kernel maintains internal consistency and runtime correctness with assertions as the fault detection mechanism. The basic assumption is that the hardware and the software should perform correctly and a failure of an assertion results in a panic, i.e. a voluntary halt to all system activity.^[7] The kernel panic was introduced in an early version of Unix and demonstrated a major difference between the design philosophies of Unix and its predecessor Multics. Multics developer Tom van Vleck recalls a discussion of this change with Unix developer Dennis Ritchie:

I remarked to Dennis that easily half the code I was writing in Multics was error recovery code. He said, 'We left all that stuff out. If there's an error, we have this routine called panic, and when it is called, the machine crashes, and you holler down the hall, 'Hey, reboot it.'^[8]

The original panic() function was essentially unchanged from Fifth Edition UNIX to the VAX-based UNIX 32V and output only an error message with no other information, then dropped the system into an endless idle loop.

Source code of panic() function in V6 UNIX:^[9]

As the Unix codebase was enhanced, the panic() function was also enhanced to dump various forms of debugging information to the console.

Causes[edit]

A panic may occur as a result of a hardware failure or a software bug in the operating system. In many cases, the operating system is capable of continued operation after an error has occurred. However, the system is in an unstable state and rather than risking security breaches and data corruption, the operating system stops to prevent further damage and facilitate diagnosis of the error and, in usual cases, restart.^[10]

After recompiling a kernel binary image from source code, a kernel panic while booting the resulting kernel is a common problem if the kernel was not correctly configured, compiled or installed.^[11] Add-on hardware or malfunctioning RAM could also be sources of fatal kernel errors during start up, due to incompatibility with the OS or a missing device driver.^[12] A kernel may also go into panic() if it is unable to locate a root file system.^[13] During the final stages of kernel userspace initialization, a panic is typically triggered if the spawning of init fails. A panic might also be triggered if the init process terminates, as the system would then be unusable.^[14]

The following is an implementation of the Linux kernel final initialization in kernel_init():^[15]

Operating system specifics[edit]

Linux[edit]

Kernel panics appear in Linux like in other Unix-like systems, but they can also generate another kind of error condition, known as a kernel oops.^[16] In this case, the kernel normally continues to run after killing the offending process. As an oops could cause some subsystems or resources to become unavailable, they can later lead to a full kernel panic.

On Linux, a kernel panic causes keyboard LEDs to blink as a visual indication of a critical condition.^[17]

macOS[edit]

When a kernel panic occurs in Mac OS X 10.2 through 10.7, the computer displays a multilingual message informing the user that they need to reboot the system.^[18] Prior to 10.2, a more traditional Unix-style panic message was displayed; in 10.8 and later, the computer automatically reboots and displays a message after the restart. The format of the message varies from version to version:^[19]

• 10.0–10.1: The system displays text on the screen, giving details about the error, and becomes unresponsive.
• 10.2: Rolls down a black transparent curtain then displays a message on a white background informing the user that they should restart the computer. The message is shown in English, French, German and Japanese.
• 10.3–10.5: The kernel panic is almost the same as version 10.2 but the background of the error screen is black.
• 10.6–10.7-10.8: The text has been revised and now includes a Spanish translation.
• 10.9 and later: The computer becomes unresponsive before it immediately reboots. When the computer starts back up, it shows a warning message for a few seconds about the computer restarting because of a kernel panic, and then the computer restarts back up. The message now includes a Chinese translation.

Sometimes when there are five or more kernel panics within three minutes of the first one, the Mac will display a prohibitory sign for 30 seconds, and then shut down (this is known as a 'recurring kernel panic').

In all versions above 10.2, the text is superimposed on a standby symbol and is not full screen. Debugging information is saved in NVRAM and written to a log file on reboot. In 10.7 there is a feature to automatically restart after a kernel panic. In some cases, on 10.2 and later, white text detailing the error may appear in addition to the standby symbol.

• Mac OS X 10.0–10.1 kernel panic

• Mac OS X 10.2 kernel panic

• Mac OS X 10.3–10.5 kernel panic

• Mac OS X 10.6 and 10.7 kernel panic

• Message shown after the computer restarts because of a kernel panic in OS X 10.8 and later versions

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^'KP - Kernel Panic (Linux) AcronymFinder'. www.acronymfinder.com. Retrieved January 6, 2016.
2. ^'Bug Checks (Blue Screens)'. Hardware Dev Center - Microsoft.
3. ^Hoffman, Chris. 'Did You Know Windows 10 Has a Green Screen of Death?'. How-To Geek. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
4. ^'FreeBSD 11.0 - man page for panic (freebsd section 9) - Unix & Linux Commands'. www.unix.com.
5. ^'boot failure-init died - Unix Linux Forums - HP-UX'. www.unix.com.
6. ^Randolph J. Herber (September 1, 1999). 'Re: PANIC: init died'. Newsgroup: comp.sys.sgi.admin.
7. ^Daniel P. Siewiorek; Robert S. Swarz (1998). Reliable computer systems: design and evaluation. A K Peters, Ltd. p. 622. ISBN978-1-56881-092-8. Retrieved May 6, 2011.
8. ^'Unix and Multics'. www.multicians.org.
9. ^Source code /usr/sys/ken/prf.c from V6 UNIX
10. ^Steven M. Hancock (November 22, 2002). Tru64 UNIX troubleshooting: diagnosing and correcting system problemsHP Technologies SeriesITPro collection. Digital Press. pp. 119–126. ISBN978-1-55558-274-6. Retrieved May 3, 2011.
11. ^Michael Jang (2006). Linux annoyances for geeks. O'Reilly Media, Inc. pp. 267–274. ISBN978-0-596-00801-7. Retrieved April 29, 2011.
12. ^David Pogue (December 17, 2009). Switching to the Mac: The Missing Manual, Snow Leopard Edition. O'Reilly Media, Inc. p. 589. ISBN978-0-596-80425-1. Retrieved May 4, 2011.
13. ^Greg Kroah-Hartman (2007). Linux kernel in a nutshell. O'Reilly Media, Inc. p. 59. ISBN978-0-596-10079-7. Retrieved May 3, 2011.
14. ^Wolfgang Mauerer (September 26, 2008). Professional Linux Kernel Architecture. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 1238–1239. ISBN978-0-470-34343-2. Retrieved May 3, 2011.
15. ^linux/init/main.c, LXR Cross Referencer
16. ^'Linux Device Drivers, Chapter 4'(PDF).
17. ^James Kirkland; David Carmichael; Christopher L. Tinker; Gregory L. Tinker (May 2006). Linux Troubleshooting for System Administrators and Power Users. Prentice Hall. p. 62. ISBN9780132797399. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
18. ^'OS X: About kernel panics - Apple Support'. support.apple.com.
19. ^'A New Screen of Death for Mac OS X'. OSXBook.com.

No matter how reliable Macs are built, they are bound to be plagued by different issues and errors. After all, they are still machines that function depending on how a user operates it. Anything you do to your Mac will have an effect on it sooner or later, whether you intend it or not.

Typically, a crash will affect just one program or an application. However, you may encounter a form of a system-wide crash that could bring down your Mac system entirely and this is what we call a kernel panic.

A kernel panic is characterized by repetitive restarting of your laptop, the screen will go black and give you warning messages along the lines of You need to restart your computer. When you get such messages, it means you’re dealing with a kernel panic and not just any type of Mac-related crash.

When you encounter this kind of problem, do not panic. In this article, you will find ways on how to fix a kernel panic on your Mac OS X.

Pro Tip: Scan your Mac for performance issues, junk files, harmful apps, and security threats
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What is a Kernel Panic?

A kernel panic is essentially Mac’s version of Windows’ blue screen of death. You can consider kernel panic as your Mac’s way of running away from issues that are too much for it to handle, think fight or flight response. When your computer encounters a critical error that it can’t seem to fix in the background, it responds by automatically shutting down.

If a kernel panic happens a few times, once or twice, there shouldn’t be a reason for you to panic. A basic restart will solve the problem. However, if it happens regularly and during the startup process, it might be because of a more serious system issue.

What Causes a Kernel Panic?

Your Mac is a system composed of a lot of interconnecting circuits, hardware, and software. There could be tons of reasons that can trigger a kernel panic but most of the time software issues and incompatibilities are to blame. Below are the most common culprits behind a kernel panic:

• Insufficient RAM and hard drive space
• Outdated plugins and drivers
• Conflicting programs and apps
• Broken disk files and permissions
• Hardware and peripheral issues and incompatibilities

While it’s true that there’s a lot of aspects to consider when dealing with a kernel panic, there’s no need to worry as there are solutions for each of them.

Fixing Software-Related Kernel Panic Issues

Below are some tips to help you address a kernel panic caused by software errors:

1. Update your apps.

Launch the App Store through the Apple menu or Spotlight. Once in the App Store, click Updates to see all updates available for all apps installed on your Mac. If some programs haven’t been updated for quite a long time, they pose incompatibility problems.

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2. Search for corrupted apps.

If your Mac is equipped with OS X 10.8 or later, it will show a dialog box immediately after a restart. This dialog box will ask if you want to reopen the apps that were running before your Mac crashed. Go ahead and click Open. If a kernel panic happens again, there is a high probability that one of those apps is causing the problem.

Another way to know if a certain app is causing a problem is when your Mac crashes while an app is up and running. When this happens, try these following steps:

• See if an update is available for the app and update the app. Once the app has been updated, restart your Mac.
• If there are no updates available, delete and uninstall the app. Decide if you still need it. If you do, reinstall it.

However, uninstalling an app is not as easy as deleting a file or moving the app itself to the Trash. You need to delete all of the files associated with it. It will be easier if you use a program with an app uninstallation feature, such as the Outbyte MacRepair.

3. Update drivers.

If your Mac crashes randomly, look into deep-seated drivers, particularly those bundled with peripherals such as video cards and adapters. These drivers also need to be updated every once in a while.

4. Repair broken disk permissions.

When there are broken disk permissions on your Mac, there will be times when applications fight against each other as they attempt to get access to folders and files on your disk. If your Mac crashes when you try to run applications, fixing those broken disk permissions could help. If you’re Mac is equipped with OS X Yosemite or any older OS, follow these steps:

• Restart your Mac, be ready to press and hold down Command + R while your computer restarts.
• Click on Disk Utility.
• Click on First Aid > Repair Disk Permissions.

Unfortunately, you can’t repair disk permissions through Disk Utility if you have OS X El Capitan or higher. You will likely need a third-party app like Mac Repair to conduct the repair.

5. Disable startup apps.

If your Mac restarts immediately after bootup, there could be startup apps and items causing the kernel panic. It is also possible that there are a lot of startup programs trying to run all at once and it’s too much for your Mac to handle. To disable items that you don’t really need to run upon startup, follow these steps:

• Go to System Preferences > Users & Groups.
• Click on your Username.
• Go to the Login Items tab.
• Select a startup item you want to disable and click [-].
• Repeat the last step to disable other items.
• Restart your Mac to apply changes.

Fixing Hardware-Related Kernel Panic Issues

Any hardware connected to your Mac can also be responsible for the occurrence of a kernel panic. To get rid of these issues, consider the tips listed below:

1. Turn all peripheral devices off.

You need to take the long and winding road on this one. To figure out which external device is messing up with your Mac, you need to plug off everything: external video cards, hard disks, flash drives, network adapters, and printers among others. Then restart your Mac and connect one device. If nothing happens, disconnect that device and then restart your Mac, again. Next, plug in another device and repeat the process until all external devices have been tested.

If none of the devices seem to be causing the problem, good for you. But if you find the culprit, you might need to update its software or driver.

2. Launch Apple Diagnostics or Apple Hardware Test.

These utilities are designed to check peripherals and find issues. Here are steps to run them:

• Disconnect or turn off all peripherals.
• Go to Apple Menu, then Restart.
• Press and hold down D while your computer restarts and wait.

Apple Diagnostics or Apple Hardware Test will launch automatically to test the condition of your hardware. If it detects any problems, it will give you a detailed report you can hold on to should you need to seek the help of an Apple Support specialist.

Did any of these tips work for you? Did you find out what causes a kernel panic on your Mac? Let us know in the comments!